Explorting Masculine And Feminie Roles Essays - Free Essays

Explorting Masculine And Feminie Roles Essays - Free Essays Explorting Masculine And Feminie Roles EXPLORING THE MASCULINE AND FEMININE IN ISABEL ALLENDE'S THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS By Jodi Denny Old Dominion University Copyright (c) 1997 Jodi Denny This document may not be reprinted without the permission of the author. For permission, contact: [emailprotected] Isabel Allende's novel The House of the Spirits is woven with dichotomy. Opposing forces are juxtaposed: rich and poor, good and evil, political left and right, birth and death, and the forces that will be explored in this paper, the masculine and feminine. The masculine and feminine are equal in importance to the world of the novel, indeed, the existence of one depends on the existence of the other. The danger lies in the fact that the masculine overshadows the feminine so much that the existence of the feminine is threatened. If women are a nation's primary, fundamental root from which all else grows and blossoms (Ba 61), this threat to the feminine is a threat to the world of the novel itself. The novel illustrates the dangers of an imbalance of the masculine and feminine within the individual, the family, and nation. This paper will explore the concepts of the masculine and the feminine within the novel in the context of Carl Jung's theory of the anima and animus. Jung recognized distinctive features in the psyche of men and women. He analyzed these differences in his study of the anima and animus. The anima is the personification of the feminine nature of man's unconscious; the animus the masculine nature of a woman's unconscious. In her book Women in Twentieth Century Literature: A Jungian View, Bettina L. Knapp explains that Jung believes the woman's psyche to be the adverse and reverse of the man's complementary to his. He has remarked time and time again that Eros, or the principle of relatedness and feeling, is dominant in the female; that Logos, the analytical way, the power to discriminate and judge is supreme in the male (6). Jung's theory says that logic and objectivity are usually the predominate features of a man's outer attitude, or at least regarded as ideals, and in a woman it is feeling (Walz). Marian L. Pauson elaborates on Jung's concept of the anima and animus in Jung the Philosopher: Essays in Jungian Thought. She asserts that the animus pole is often projected in different media as directed, didactic, forceful, functional, rational, and serious while the anima pole is projected as fanciful, imaginative, colorful, lyrical, light, intuitive, decorative, and amusing (97). On a deeper level, she discusses the emotional tension of the polarities within the masculine and feminine, their shadow and transcendence. The shadow of the anima is manifested as irrationality and chaos; the transcendence as inspiration and intuitive vision. The shadow of the animus is manifested as cruelness, cunning and brute force, the transcendence as practical wisdom (98). Jung asserts that these opposing natures can come together in an individual's search for selfhood, which represents a balance between the opposing forces within the personality. This results in what Jung calls androgyny: individuals who have fully developed both the masculine and feminine aspects of their personality. The manner by which these opposite natures can be reconciled into wholeness is called paradoxical unity (Walz). Jung claims that life is founded on the harmonious interplay of masculine and feminine forces, within the individual human as well as without (Bennet 128). Jung seems to suggest that a reconciliation of these opposites within the self, and within the larger realm of society, is necessary in order to obtain peace and enlightenment within both, is necessary as a foundation for life itself. Whether Jung's cited differences in the male and female psyche are psychologically innate or whether they have been inscribed on the collective conscious by patriarchal dominance is debatable. It would be sexist, indeed, to define certain traits as purely masculine or feminine. Obviously men don't have the exclusive right to logic and thought nor women to emotion and intuition. Many feminists have criticized Jung's definitions of the masculine and feminine. In Jung and Feminism Demaris S. Wehr says that Jung defined the feminine largely in terms of receptivity and remarks that some people reject Jung's notion of the feminine and its corresponding receptivity. They argue that Jung is stereotyping women once again, depriving them of being agents in their own right (6). Others believe the opposite, that feminine receptivity is a quality much needed in

The Crimes of Brandy Holmes

The Crimes of Brandy Holmes During the early evening hours of January 1, 2003, the Brandy Holmes and her boyfriend, Robert Coleman, forced their way into the rural home of Julian Brandon, a retired minister who was 70 years of age, and his wife Alice, who was 68 years of age. Reverend Brandon was shot at near contact range in the underside of his jaw with a .380 caliber handgun. The bullet separated into two pieces: one fragment entered his brain and the other exited the top of his head. Julian Brandon immediately collapsed. Holmes and Coleman then took Mrs. Brandon to the rear bedroom and demanded her valuables, cash, and credit cards as she begged for her life. Ignoring her pleas, they placed a pillow over the womans face and shot her in the head, and left her for dead.    Over-Kill After shooting Mrs. Brandon, Holmes and Coleman heard Reverend Brandon struggling with his wounds and returned and stabbed and slashed him to death. Concerned Friends Discover the Bodies On January 5, 2003, four days after the attack, Calvin Barrett Hudson, a family friend of the Brandons, became concerned when the couple did not attend church on Sunday and decided to check on them. When he and his wife went to their friends residence, they found Reverend Brandon lying in a pool of his blood on the carpet. Hudson immediately went to a neighbors house and called the sheriffs office. When the police responded to the call, they found Reverend Brandons body. It was not until the authorities checked the house that they discovered Mrs. Brandon was barely alive. Even though Mrs. Brandon received a gunshot wound to the head, she survived the attack, although she was permanently disabled and requires around-the-clock care. Tips Lead Investigators to the Killers Door After the television news reported the crime, the Caddo Parish Sheriffs Office received a tip from persons at an apartment complex near the crime scene. The callers indicated the Holmes had been bragging about killing an elderly couple down the road near a church and that she was trying to sell their jewelry. Detectives then went to the trailer of Brenda Bruce, Holmes mother, which was located near the homicide scene. There they located Holmes, Coleman, her mother, and her 15-year-old brother, Sean George. All four agreed to accompany the officers to the sheriffs office for interviews. Over the next two days Holmes made six recorded and unrecorded statements, implicating herself and others to varying degrees in the homicide and robbery. She also said that two days after murders, she and two of her young nephews bicycled to the Brandons home. The youngest nephew, nine years of age, entered the home with her and she walked to the back of house and heard Mrs. Brandons heavy breathing and turned around and left.   The nine-year-old nephew entered the home with his aunt, where he saw Reverend Brandon lying in a pool of blood and heard Mrs. Brandon screaming from another room in the home. A neighbor witnessed both nephews fleeing from the residence, leaving the Holmes inside the home. Evidence Police recovered considerable circumstantial evidence that proved Holmes involvement in the crime. Although the gun used in the shootings was not recovered, ballistics evidence demonstrated that the weapon used in the Brandon homicide was the same weapon that had belonged to Holmess father and had been stolen from his residence in Tylertown, Mississippi. Holmes admitted she had stolen her fathers gun in one of her statements to the police. In addition, a surveillance video from Hibernia Bank depicted the Holmes and Coleman attempting to use the Brandons credit card at an ATM. A search of the Bruce trailer where the Holmes and Coleman were staying led to the discovery of several items that belonged to Mrs. Brandon. Three fired .380 cartridge casings were found in the rain gutter of the trailer where she lived.   Laboratory analysis revealed that Reverend Brandons DNA was found on one of these casings.   Ã‚   Additionally, forensic analysis matched the .380 projectile recovered from Reverend Brandons brain and the dining room ceiling to a projectile recovered from a tree at the home of Holmes father in Mississippi. Brandy Holmes was found guilty of capital murder and sentenced to death.

Human Resources Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Human Resources Management - Assignment Example Human Resources Management From the past quarter, the organization is facing problem in its course of work that is directly related to HRM. The problem pertaining in the organization is related to knowledge management. New recruitment has taken place in the organization, and the new employees are not able to perform up to the expectations of the company. A lot of complaints have been made against the company about which the company came to know from the feedbacks of the customers. The complaints were mostly related to the solutions, which the employees provide to the customers as the employees lacked training and knowledge to do so. In this paper, we will discuss the issues that are pertaining to the organization and give recommendation and action plan so that the organization can work in an efficient manner and achieve its desired goals. The issues of the organization are related to the HRM department as they are responsible for recruiting and training of the employees. Some changes in the policy of HRM must be made to overcome these problems. Fresh employees had hired by the organization few weeks ago. The company had faced many difficulties after hiring because the employees were not capable of giving quick response to the problems of consumers. The feedbacks of the consumers help in analyzing the problems. It was identified through inspection that human resource department is the area where the improvement is needed. Some mismanagement in the department of human resource management is creating the problems to the organization.

Discrimination Of The African Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Discrimination Of The African Americans - Essay Example However, the development in Southern part of America has been slow due to the presence of the ethnic group of African American. They are the people who faced dominance and low status in the nation due to their skin color. They have been deprived of various rights affecting their social and economic position1. The life of the people in this period has been was different and the amenities received depended a lot on their ethnicity and race. In this essay, the history and life of the African American are depicted who are facing challenges since 1877. In the year 1928, the life of the native people and the African Americans is dissimilar due to the presence of strong governance giving rise to inequality and a lack of self-esteem along with respect. In the current situation i.e. 1928, as an undergraduate student at Howard University, the perceived highs and lows of African Americans are being explored with the argument in between the period of 1877 to 1928. The African Americans live majo rly in the south and the prevailing challenging situation in the nation is affecting the lives of farmers. The jobs that are provided to the people of higher ranks are in the mines, tobacco, and ores. The blacks are deprived of every facility even if they have the potential than the whites. The educated blacks are positioned under the whites in order to suppress them. The position of the blacks although large in number is suppressed by the whites-only because of their color. Moreover, the women of the African American origin are forced to work for the whites as slaves. This is one of the low points faced by African Americans since 1877. This implies that according to the whites, the skin color is the only criteria for the people to get a job and status in the society irrespective of the fact the person has enormous potential2.

Write about your reactions to the final part of Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Write about your reactions to the final part of Hamlet Essay At the start of the play we see Hamlet returning to Denmark from university, as he has heard the news of his farther, Old-Hamlets death. He arrives home perhaps thinking that he shall now take the place as the king of Denmark, only to discover that while he was away Claudius, his uncle and Gertrude, his mother have been wed. Therefore Claudius, not Hamlet, takes the place as King of Denmark. When Hamlet discovers this he becomes almost deranged, especially when Old-Hamlet appears to him in a form of a ghost, revealing that Claudius killed Old-Hamlet. This knowledge forces him to feel betrayed by all around him, such as the politicians that once supported his father and now show that same respect to Claudius. He feels that he can not trust his mother or Ophelia, his girlfriend. When travelling actors arrive Hamlet decides to put on a play to draw Claudius out, by seeing if he would react to a play about a brother killing a king to steal the crown. Claudius rushes out when the play is acted, showing that he is responsible for the killing of old-Hamlet. Hamlet follows quickly behind him and is about to strike Claudius down when he hears him committing his acts to god. Hamlet decides not to kill him, as when old-Hamlet was killed he did not have to commit his sins to god, so he was stuck in purgatory, a place where what you have done is weighted up, in good and bad to decide what will happen to them. Instead of killing Claudius he then proceeds to his mother to tell her of what he has found, hearing a sound he turns and thrusts a sword into a curtain, thinking that it was Claudius, only to discover that it was Polonius, Ophelias father, whom then dies. Claudius decides to send Hamlet to England to be killed, only to have Hamlet foil his plan. Hamlet returns to find while he has gone Ophelia has gone mad and has drowned her self, grief stricken he leaps into her grave. Laertes, Ophelias brother and Poloniuss son then challenges Hamlet to a duel which he Hamlet accepts. Laertes is then approached by Claudius who offers to fix the fight by poisoning his foils tip, Laertes grief stricken accepts this offer to revenge the two deaths in his family. The Ending of Hamlet sees the deaths of Laertes, Claudius, Gertrude and most importantly Hamlet. We also witness a change in the character of Hamlet, as he is now thinking less and acting more. He even mocks Laertes: Ill be your foil Laertes, in my ignorance your skill shall like astar i th darkest night stick fiery off indeed. In this scene we as an audience feel the dramatic tension, as we know all the traps lay in front of Hamlet, the poisoned foil of Laertes, and the cold goblet of wine poured by Claudius. Yet you find your self thinking that perhaps Hamlet knows that something is going on when he asks: These foils have all a length This is to command the attention of the audience to the poison tip of Laertes foil, which within the duel is held of to prolong the dramatic tension. This is the same way Hamlets action is held of with his obsession with procrastinating about the action which is to be taken to revenge his fathers death. This scene is made more dramatic by the frequent use of trumpets and kettle drums. The use of musical instruments in this way makes the environment appear more exciting. Hamlet tries to explain his actions of his recent self by asking give me your pardon sir, for I have done you wrong, but goes on to say it was not Hamlet, was his madness and also admits that his madness is poor Hamlets enemy. This excuse is not accepted by Laertes for in his terms of honour I stand aloof the only reason he is going along with the duel is to keep his name ungored, and also to revenge his fathers and sisters deaths. The use of language is of a high-class because the word ungored reminds us of the poisoned tip of the foil and what Laertes planes to do with it. Before the duel can start, Claudius plans to drink to Hamlets better breath, this is ironic as Claudius has already planed to poison Hamlets goblet of wine with a pearl. Claudius refers to this as a union, which could refer to the way in which old-Hamlet and Hamlet are to be killed, as old-Hamlet was also killed with poison that Claudius gave him. Claudius also performs this task to show the people around him that he is supporting Hamlet, so he is not thought to be guilty of Hamlets death. After the king drinks to Hamlet there is another out burst of sound as the trumpets are blown, this is also to add to the already excited atmosphere to start the duel. This leaves the audience knowing more than the victim. The next part of the text is split a series of short sentences, this is to create the speed of the duel and how the points are awarded by touches. The style of writing is used to build the dramatic tension between the two competitors. As you see Hamlet gaining the hits over Laertes, and with one hit left you start to think that Hamlet has foiled Claudiuss plan, and even avoids the poisoned goblet on two accounts. Mean while Claudius shows in this scene that he is now completely taking the place of his brother, as he speaks aside to Gertrude our son shall win. This small sentence shows what a twisted man he really is, as the words our son show as Hamlet is his brothers son and Claudius is only his uncle. Furthermore this shows that he is comfortable that his plan to poison Hamlet will be successful. Claudius is therefore shocked when Gertrude takes up Hamlets goblet to drink to him, Claudius then shouts to Gertrude, Gertrude do not drink. This line is probably by best line as it creates an atmosphere within the hall, as Claudius is pulled between saving his wife and not letting the hall of people know that he has poisoned Hamlets goblet of Hamlets wine, but in the end he is out for himself, as he does not take the goblet away from Gertrude. At this same point I think Gertrude believes all the things that Hamlet has told her earlier in the play and feels so bad that she drinks the poison, in a way this makes up for the betrayal that she committed towards her family and also the memory of Old-Hamlet. Again Hamlet dare not drink from his goblet as he wants to finish the duel first. This saves him from the poisoned goblet, therefore he only has one problem before him and thats Laertes revenge. Before the third round is started Laertes strikes out violently and wounds Hamlet, therefore poisoning him, yet to do so is almost against his conscience. In the incense of the fight, as it is no longer an honourable duel, the foils are swapped and Laertes tastes his own venom, he is justly killed by his own treachery. The Queen mean while is laid out on the floor with Claudius attending to her; she then calls out the truth about the drink! I am poisoned. At this point Hamlet knows that some treachery is around and he calls for all the doors to be locked and to seek it out. This again changes the mood of the hall and creates a room full of panic, as people are screaming and talking in worried voices. Laertes is the first to commit that he has wronged, Hamlet, thou art slain and that the treacherous instrument is in thy hand. Laertes also names who the blame should rest upon the King, the Kings to blame. At this point in the Branna film Hamlet troughs the foil at Claudius and wounds him. This causes another wave of panic to throng through the witnesses. Claudiuss last thought is for himself O yet defend me friends. This makes Hamlet angry and starts to make Claudius drink the poisoned goblet while saying all the sins Claudius has committed, incestuous, murderous, damned Dane. Again union is used to link Claudiuss death to Gertrudes, as he is united with her in death. This could also refer to the way both the brothers were killed with poison. The anger of Hamlet changes the atmosphere into a mute. Laertes then exchanges forgiveness with Hamlet, as Laertes dies. Hamlet is also feeling the poison within him as he admits to Horatio I am dead. He next turns to the rest of the witnesses in the hall; this is a much more kingly way to die thinking of his country and giving blessing to Fortinbras as the next king. When Fortinbras arrives there is once again a burst of sound, but this is not to stir excitement, it is more to command respect. When he enters he is met with the dead bodies of the royal family. When Hamlet is taken away he is carried like a soldier to the stage, as Fortinbras believes that Hamlet would have been a mighty king. I think this ending to Hamlet is a fitting ending to the play as it contains a lot of dramatic tension and a lot of action. This ending also contains a lot of honour with every thing that was wrong being righted.

Argument for Increasing American Immigration Essay -- Argumentative Ess

Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door. This inscription, which is found on the Statue of Liberty, greeted years of immigrants who passed through Ellis Island to America. It describes the idealized view of the United States as a nation of immigrants, where anyone can achieve the American dream. However, does this accurately describe our immigration policy today? Our current policy is better described by this version, written by Chris Willey (Willey et al.): Give me your athletes, your scientists, Your artists, writers, and actors, Your politicians and businessmen. Send these, the best and brightest, to me. To these lies open the golden door: You can keep the rest. Under current U.S. immigration laws, it is not difficult for those immigrants labeled as desirable to receive admittance. The Immigration Act of 1990 created new categories of immigrants. "Within the employment category, first preference was given to aliens ‘with extraordinary ability, outstanding professors and researchers, multinational executives'..." (Richmond 143). It may be true that these creative and skilled people have just as much of a right to pursue the American dream as anyone else. But do we, as Americans, have the moral right to exclude the needy from our country? Refugees have two basic choices. They can return to their home country, or they can try to settle in another country. Most refugees, however, cannot return home because conditions in their native country have not changed sufficiently to eliminate the problems from whi... ...ess, Boulder, CO, 1996. The Holy Bible. New Revised Standard Version. Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, 1989. Hunter, Gordon, ed. Immigrant Voices. Signet Classic, New York, NY, 1999. North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance. Environmental Facts. http://ntbox.owr.ehnr.state.nc.us/earthday/facts.htm. Rachels, James. The Elements of Moral Philosophy. 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill, Boston, 1999. Richmond, Anthony. Global Apartheid. Oxford University Press, Toronto, 1994. Singer, Peter. Practical Ethics 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 1993. Social Contract Press. The Social Contract Archives. http://www.thesocialcontract.com Willey, Chris; Saunier, David; and Mendez, Garry. Reinscribing the Statue of Liberty. Horizon Magazine, Jan 1998. http://www.horizonmag.com/pictorial/liberty.htm

Examples of How You Would Protect the Rights and Promote the Interests of Disabled People Essay

†¢Respecting and maintaining the dignity and privacy of service users †¢Promoting equal opportunities for service users and carers Example: If encounter a disabled patient that needs to take a bed bath you and he/she cannot manage to give bath to his/herself, first of all you need introduce yourself to them, and explain why you are going to give them a bath and make sure to close the door/curtain for their privacy and always put a cover them if you are going to give them a bed bath. Example: in some schools there are disabled people who are willingly to learn and achieve new goals. And in some cases there are no ramps for the disabled student in school. The college must have ramps and lifts for the disabled student because some of them are in wheel chairs and they can’t manage to climb up in the stairs Give 2 examples of how you would strive to establish and maintain the trust and confidence of disabled people: †¢Being honest and trustworthy †¢Respecting confidential information and clearly explaining agency policies about confidentiality to service users and carers Example: A patient tells you about something that happened to her a long time ago and asks that you never repeat it. Being trustworthy, you never repeat or tell anyone about the secrets of others. Example: The doctor is asking her nurse if how is the treatment of their patient in the public area then the nurse remind the doctor that they are in public area then the nurse need to move place where no one can hear what will the nurse is going to say. Give 2 examples of how you would promote the independence of disabled people while protecting them as far as possible from danger or harm: †¢Following practice and procedures designed to keep you and other people safe from violent and abusive behaviour at work †¢Promoting the independence of service users and assisting them to understand and exercise their rights Example: The patient asked the nurse if she can change the bedding because she is soaking wet. But before changing the bed, the nurse needs to lift the patient and move her into another bed because her patient is unconscious. The nurse needs to call a colleague to help her lift the patient to avoid the wrong technique of manual handling and lifting. Example: There is this patient who is in walk therapy and now this patient wants to use the toilet. Then she asked you not to help her but you know that she can’t handle herself. If you can still help the patient and promote her independence by telling that you will be helping her to stand up to bed. And if crutches are visible, the patient can use it for walking without your help but you need to make sure that you are watching your patient. Give examples of how you would respect the rights of disabled people whilst seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or other people. †¢Following risk assessment policies and procedures to assess whether the behaviour of service users presents a risk of harm to themselves or others †¢Taking necessary steps to minimise the risks of service users from doing actual or potential harm to themselves or other people Example: If you are working in kitchen inside the hospital. And you are about to do meals for the patients, you need to follow the procedures on how will you reduce the risk. Washing hands is the main thing you need to do. Usually before touching any utensils you need to make sure that you are clean and tidy. E.g. hair must be tied up, no jewelleries, make sure you have aprons, clean hands and nails. You can also wear personal protective equipment (PPE) if at risk of exposure to blood and bodily fluids, saliva, mucus, urine, faeces. Example: Give examples of how you would uphold public trust and confidence in social care services whilst providing a service a service for disabled people. †¢Form inappropriate personal relationships with service users †¢Abuse, neglect or harm service users, carers or colleagues †¢Put yourself or other people at unnecessary risk Example: Example: Give examples of how you would be accountable for the quality of your work and take responsibility for maintaining and improving your knowledge and skills about disabled people. †¢Maintaining clear and accurate records as required by procedures established for your work †¢Working openly and co-operatively with colleagues and treating them with respect Example: Two different nurses has been asked to give medication to a disabled child, the first nurse who has duty in the morning has given the right dose but the first nurse forgot to write the time when did he/she gave the medicine so this person write the wrong time of medication. When the second nurse came in this nurse also gave the right dose of a drug but the problem is the nurse didn’t know that the record of time isn’t righ and situation made to slow down the heart rate of the child. This is an example of inaccurate records. To avoid this kind of situation you need to know the †five rights† before giving medication. ïÆ' ¼Right Patient ïÆ' ¼Right Dose ïÆ' ¼Right Drug ïÆ' ¼Right Route ïÆ' ¼Right Time

Media in Today’s Life

In the last 400 years of human history, two significant events have changed the course of development- the Industrial Revolution beginning in the 18th  century and the recent Information Revolution which marks the universalization of information hitherto unseen on such a large scale based on the principle of â€Å"create once, publish many. † Media today encompasses  print  media- newspapers, magazines, journals, periodicals, etc. ;  electronic  media-radio, television, telephony and the internet; and  entertainment  media- films and music.Media has enabled decision making to be participative in nature, has made the idea of a â€Å"global village† a reality, has brought about the true realization of the freedom of speech and has helped in spreading education, health and equality. The enactment of Right to Information Act in 2005 has led to the citizen being at the centre of administration, and the media has played a key role in realising this dream. But to gether with the aforementioned beneficial effects of the spread of media, there have been some unwanted consequences as well.Some of these are- magnification of disputes, sensationalization of news (called â€Å"Yellow journalism†), propaganda, cultural clashes, desensitization to violence, division of society into information haves and have-nots, lack of information authenticity and plagiarism leading to social loafing. However, the advantages of the spread of media far outweigh the disadvantages. The role played by media in developing countries such as India, is key to realise the dream of  inclusive  development.Awareness regarding immunization programmes, institutional deliveries, balanced diet, healthy lifestyle and family planning are spread through media to remote parts of the country. Today All India Radio covers approximately 98% of the population of India. Farmers in distant villages are able to find the true prices of their produce through radio and telephone s ervices. Even the spread of education through Distance Learning has made the dream of 100% literacy a reality in the years to come. Media has been at the forefront of spreading awareness on social issues.The â€Å"Latitude of Acceptance† has thus widened. Issues such as global warming, pollution, spread of diseases, LGBT Rights, child labour, domestic violence, corruption, discrimination and farmer suicides have been taken up by the media very effectively. This has also been cited as one of the primary reasons for making governance of the country more transparent, responsive and responsible. Media has enabled an ordinary citizen of the country to play a central role in strengthening the civil society.Through articles in journals, responses in newspapers, blogs on the web and audio-visuals on the internet, each and every citizen can realistically aspire to influence other sections of society. The Founding Fathers of our Nation laid down the path towards a sovereign, secular an d democratic society where justice, liberty and equality would be secured to all the citizens and fraternity would be promoted among all. It would not be an exaggeration to state that media today, and in the coming future, holds immense promise to assist us in attaining these ideals and goals.

Photosynthesis Vocabulary Terms and Definitions

Photosynthesis Vocabulary Terms and Definitions Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and certain other organisms make glucose from carbon dioxide and water. In order to understand and remember how photosynthesis works, it helps to know the terminology.  Use this list of photosynthesis terms and definitions for review or to make flashcards to help you learn important photosynthesis concepts. ADP - ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate, a product of the Calvin cycle that is used in the light-dependent reactions. ATP  - ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. ATP is a major energy molecule in cells. ATP and  NADPH are products of the light-dependent reactions in plants. ATP is used  in reduction and regeneration of RuBP. autotrophs - Autotrophs are photosynthetic organisms which  convert light energy into  the chemical energy they need to develop, grow, and reproduce. Calvin cycle - The Calvin cycle is the name given to the set of chemical reactions  of photosynthesis that does not necessarily  require light. The Calvin cycle takes place  in the  stroma of the chloroplast. It involves the fixing of carbon dioxide into  glucose using NADPH and ATP. carbon dioxide (CO2) - Carbon dioxide is a gas naturally found in the atmosphere that is  a reactant for the Calvin Cycle. carbon fixation -  ATP and NADPH are  used to fix CO2 into carbohydrates. Carbon fixation takes place in the chloroplast stroma.   chemical equation of photosynthesis -  6 CO2 6 H2O → C6H12O6 6 O2 chlorophyll - Chlorophyll is the primary pigment used in photosynthesis. Plants contain two main forms of chlorophyll:  a b. Chlorophyll has a  hydrocarbon tail that anchors it to an  integral protein in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Chlorophyll is the source of the green color of plants and certain other autotrophs. chloroplast - A chloroplast is the organelle in a plant cell where photosynthesis occurs. G3P -  G3P stands for glucose-3-phosphate. G3P is an isomer of PGA formed during the Calvin cycle glucose (C6H12O6) - Glucose is the sugar that is the product of photosynthesis. Glucose is formed from  2 PGALs. granum - A granum is a stack of thylakoids (plural: grana) light - Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation; the shorter the wavelength the  greater amount of energy. Light supplies the energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis. light harvesting complexes (photosystems complexes) -   A photosystem (PS) complex is a multi-protein unit in the thylakoid membrane that absorbed light to serve as energy for reactions light reactions (light dependent reactions)  - The light dependent reactions are chemical reactions requiring electromagnetic energy (light) that  occur in the thylakoid membrane of the  chloroplast to convert light  energy into chemical forms  ATP and NAPDH. lumen - The lumen is the region within the thylakoid membrane where water is split to obtain oxygen. The oxygen diffuses out of the cell, while the protons remain inside to build positive electrical charge inside the thylakoid.   mesophyll cell - A mesophyll cell is a type of plant  cell located between the upper and lower epidermis that is the  site for photosynthesis NADPH - NADPH is a high-energy electron carrier  used in reduction oxidation -  Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons oxygen (O2) - Oxygen is a gas that is a  product of the light-dependent reactions palisade mesophyll - The palisade meophyill is the area of the mesophyll cell without many air spaces PGAL -  PGAL is an isomer of PGA formed during the Calvin cycle. photosynthesis  - Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose). photosystem - A photosystem (PS) is a cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in a thylakoid that  harvest the energy of light for  photosynthesis pigment - A pigment is a colored molecule. A pigment  absorbs specific wavelengths of light.  Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light and reflects green  light, so it appears green. reduction - Reduction refers to the gain of electrons. It often occurs in conjunction with oxidation. rubisco - Rubisco is an enzyme that bonds carbon dioxide with RuBP thylakoid - The thylakoid is a disc-shaped portion of chloroplast, found in stacks called grana.

Venus in Furs Book Review

'Venus in Furs' Book Review Not many writers have the distinction or the notoriety of having a psycho-sexual term named after them. The astonishing and ingenious sexual cruelties in the Marquis de Sades works, particularly in The 120 Days of Sodom, have made his name a byword, and in 1890 the German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing introduced the word sadism into medical terminology (even though the sole manuscript of The 120 Days of Sodom had yet to be discovered and published, the full fury of which would wildly intensify the meaning of the term). Historian and Progressive Thinker Fittingly in the shadow of the overpowering de Sade, the Austrian writer Leopold von Sacher-Masoch inspired the term for sadism’s flip-side, masochism, which was also introduced by Krafft-Ebing. Von Sacher-Masoch was a historian, folklorist, collector of stories, and progressive thinker, but even though he produced dozens of books in any number of genres, he’s almost solely known for his infamous novella Venus in Furs (its the only work translated into English). Initially meant to be part of an epic novel-sequence called (Sacher-Masoch abandoned that plan after a few volumes), Venus in Furs was published as the fourth part of the first book, which was entitled, Love. Each book was named after one of the â€Å"evils† that Cain introduced into the world, and with this underlying premise- that love is an evil- von Sacher-Masoch reveals a seriously uneasy view of human relations. Venus in Furs - Beginnings The book starts with an epigraph from the Bibles book of Judith, which narrates the story of a clever and powerful woman beheading Holofernes, an Assyrian general. An unnamed narrator, then, opens the book with a strange dream of an icy Venus, who wears furs and who leads a philosophical discussion about how women’s cruel nature increases mans desire. When the narrator awakens, he goes to meet with his friend Severin, to whom he relates his dream. ​ Introducing Severin Severin is a strange and sober man who at times, the narrator relates, had violent attacks of sudden passion and gave the impression of being about to ram his head right through a wall.† Noticing a painting in Severins room depicting a northern Venus who wears furs and holds a lash that she uses to subjugate a man who is clearly a younger Severin himself, the narrator wonders aloud if the painting perhaps inspired his dream. After a short discussion, a young woman enters to bring tea and food for the pair, and to the narrator’s astonishment, a very slight offense on the woman’s part causes Severin to berate, whip, and chase her from the room. Explaining that you have to â€Å"break† a woman rather than let her break you, Severin produces a manuscript from his desk that tells how he was ostensibly â€Å"cured† of his obsession with being dominated by women. Confessions of a Suprasensual Man Entitled â€Å"Confessions of a Suprasensual Man,† this manuscript comprises all but the last few pages of the rest of the novel. Entering into this frame, the narrator (and the reader) finds Severin at a Carpathian health resort where he meets and falls in love with a woman named Wanda, with whom he draws up and signs a contract that makes him her legal slave and gives her full power over him. At first, because she seems to like him and enjoys his company, Wanda shies away from the degradations that Severin asks her to subject him to, but as she slowly allows herself to take up her dominant role, she takes greater pleasure in torturing him and increasingly grows to despise him for how he allows her to treat him. Leaving the Carpathian mountains for Florence, Wanda makes Severin dress and act like a common servant, forcing him to sleep in disgusting quarters and keeping him isolated from her company unless needed to serve some whim or another. These changes make Severin feel the palpable reality of his desires- a reality that he was in no way prepared for- but although he loathes his detestable new position, he finds himself unable to resist (and to keep from requesting) new humiliations. At times Wanda offers to put an end to their game  because she still has feelings of affection toward him, but those feelings fade as her mantle of power gives her free rein to use Severin for her increasingly twisted devices. The breaking point comes when Wanda finds a nearly superhuman lover in Florence and decides to make Severin subject to him as well. Unable to bear subjugation to another man, Severin ultimately finds himself â€Å"cured† of his need to be dominated by women. Telescoping back to the novel’s outer frame, the narrator, who’s seen Severin’s current cruelty toward women, asks him for â€Å"the moral† to all of this, and Severin answers that a woman can only be a man’s slave or despot, adding the caveat that this imbalance can only be remedied â€Å"when she has the same rights as he and is his equal in education and work.† This egalitarian last touch squares with von Sacher-Masoch’s socialist leanings, but clearly the events and stresses of the novel- which were mirrored closely in von Sacher-Masoch’s personal life, both before and after writing it- prefer wallowing in inequity much more that eradicating it. And this has been the novel’s main appeal for readers ever since. Unlike the works of the great de Sade, which soar as striking feats of both writing and imagination, Venus in Furs is much more of a literary curio than an artistic piece of literature. Its symbolic orders are muddled; its philosophical excursions are both ponderous and corny; and although its characters are vivid and memorable, they too often fall into â€Å"types† rather than exist as fully explored individuals. Still, it’s a curious and often enjoyable read, and whether you take it as literature or as psychology- or as erotica- there’s no question that this book’s whip will leave a distinct mark on your imagination.

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